« Prev |
2014 Oct-Dec; Vol 5, No 4:e3 |
Next » |
e3 |
Enzymes, Dentinogenesis and Dental Caries: a Literature Review J Oral Maxillofac Res 2014;5(4):e3 doi:10.5037/jomr.2014.5403 |
Enzymes, Dentinogenesis and Dental Caries: a Literature Review
1Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Cariology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
2Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Institute of Dentistry, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
Corresponding Author:
Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Cariology, Institute of Dentistry
University of Oulu
Aapistie 3, 900014, Oulu
Finland
Phone: +358405167516
Fax: +35885375504
E-mail: dottorbarone@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
Objectives: Search in PubMed with keywords “enzymes, dentinogenesis, and dental caries” revealed only 4 items, but when combined with “enzymes, osteogenesis, and osteoporosis” as high as 404 items resulted. Dental caries was associated with an order of magnitude fewer studies than the chronic bone disease, osteoporosis. This observation motivated this review.
Material and Methods: A comprehensive review of the available literature on role of enzymes in dentinogenesis and dental caries was undertaken using MEDLINE (PubMed) and Scopus. Keywords for the search were: enzymes and odontoblasts, enzymes and different forms of dentinogenesis as well as dental caries.
Results: Search revealed studies which described odontoblasts harbouring numerous enzymes (hydrolases, including metalloproteinases, transaminases and dehydrogenases) during primary dentinogenesis. Alkaline phosphatase activity sharply decreased when odontoblasts turned into quiescent odontoblasts. Tertiary dentinogenesis was characterized first by reactionary dentine formation when alkaline phosphatase was highly reactivated. Then later some of these odontoblasts may die out and be replaced by other progenitor cells of pulpal origin. This tertiary dentine was called reparative dentine. Pulpal progenitor/stem cells revealed alkaline phosphatase activity in areas encircling inflamed pulp sections. Soft carious dentine revealed high hydrolase, transaminase and dehyrogenase activities that may have originated from invading microbes, saliva or were endogenous. Proteolytic activity was especially demonstrable using histochemical and biochemical means. Specifically, matrix metalloproteases may have originated partly from activated proenzymes of host origin.
Conclusions: Though dental studies are scanty when compared to bone, the active role of large spectrum of enzymes in healthy and carious dentine was given support.
J Oral Maxillofac Res 2014;5(4):e3
doi: 10.5037/jomr.2014.5403
Accepted for publication: 13 November 2014
Keywords: dental caries; dentinogenesis; dentine; enzymes.
To cite this article: Enzymes, Dentinogenesis and Dental Caries: a Literature Review. J Oral Maxillofac Res 2014;5(4):e3 URL: http://www.ejomr.org/JOMR/archives/2014/4/e3/v5n4e3ht.htm |
Received: 29 August 2014 | Accepted: 13 November 2014 | Published: 29 December 2014
Copyright: © The Author(s). Published by JOMR under CC BY-NC-ND 3.0 licence, 2014.