Objectives: The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate and compare the impact of cigarette smoking, waterpipe smoking, and electronic cigarette vaping on peri-implant clinical outcomes and inflammatory biomarkers in comparison with non-smokers.

Material and Methods: The systematic review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines. A comprehensive literature search was performed using the MEDLINE (PubMed) database. Studies published between October 2015 and October 2025 involving adults with dental implants were included. Random-effects models calculated mean differences (MD) for marginal bone loss and cytokines, and standardized mean differences (SMD) for plaque index and bleeding on probing (BOP).

Results: All smoking modalities were associated with significantly worse peri-implant outcomes than non-smokers. Plaque index increased for cigarette (+5.22 units), waterpipe (+6.31), and e-cigarette users (+1.61). Marginal bone loss was greater in cigarette (+2.16 mm), waterpipe (+1.9 mm), and e-cigarette users (+0.83 mm). Cigarette smokers showed the highest IL-1β (MD = 239.63 pg/mL), while e-cigarette users exhibited elevated IL-1β (+170 pg/mL) and TNF-α (+17.6 pg/mL). A paradoxical reduction in BOP was observed. Subgroup analyses confirmed a risk gradient of cigarette > waterpipe > e-cigarette > non-smoker.

Conclusions: Cigarette smoking exerts the greatest detrimental effect on peri-implant outcomes, followed by waterpipe and e-cigarette use. All modalities promote bone loss, plaque accumulation, and inflammation despite reduced bleeding, likely due to nicotine-induced vasoconstriction. Evidence on waterpipe and vaping remains limited, emphasizing the need for standardized long-term studies.

Objectives: This systematic review study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of flapless laser corticotomy in accelerating canine distalization during extraction-based orthodontic treatment.

Material and Methods: Present systematic review followed PRISMA guidelines and was registered at the PROSPERO database (CRD420251055675). Literature searches were conducted across PubMed, The Cochrane Library, ScienceDirect, Web of Science databases. The search included human studies, which measured canine distalization rate, published in English up to August 31, 2025, with no time restriction. The quality of the studies was assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias tool (RoB 2.0) and the statistical examination was done using the Review Manager (RevMan).

Results: Seven split-mouth randomized controlled trial studies with 103 patients were included, of which four studies with 55 patients were suitable for quantitative analysis. Flapless laser corticotomy significantly accelerated canine distalization in the first month (MD = 0.83; 95% CI = 0.3 to 1.35, where MD indicates mean difference and CI - 95% confidence interval, P = 0.002) and second month (MD = 0.44; 95% CI = 0.09 to 0.79; P = 0.01), despite high heterogeneity. No significant differences were found in the third (MD = 0.03; 95% CI = -0.18 to 0.24; P = 0.79) or fourth month (MD = -0.04; 95% CI = -0.13 to 0.05; P = 0.37).

Conclusions: The results proved flapless laser corticotomy as an effective method to increase canine distalization speed during the first two months of the treatment. However, more trials with bigger sample sizes should be performed to validate its clinical effectiveness.

Objectives: This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the clinical utility of superficial temporal vessels as recipient vessels for free flap reconstruction in the maxillofacial region. Given their favourable anatomy and potential advantages in previously treated or vessel-depleted necks, we synthesised available evidence on complication rates, flap viability, and recipient site morbidity.

Material and Methods: Following PRISMA guidelines, a comprehensive literature search was performed. Studies were included if they reported outcomes of free flap maxillofacial reconstructions using temporal vessels for microvascular anastomosis. Primary outcomes were arterial and venous thrombosis or compromise, and overall vascular complications. Secondary outcomes included return to theatre, flap necrosis, salvage rates, and recipient site complications. A random-effects model was used for data pooling, and heterogeneity was assessed via the I² statistic.

Results: Twenty-one studies reporting 773 reconstructions in 759 patients were included. Arterial thrombosis/compromise occurred in 1.44%, venous in 5.13%, with an overall vascular complication rate of 7.24%. Return to theatre occurred in 7.72% and flap salvage in 4.23%. Partial and total flap necrosis rates were 2.14% and 4.05% respectively. Recipient site complications were reported in 10.43% of cases.

Conclusions: Superficial temporal vessels demonstrate reliable outcomes with complication rates comparable to cervical vessels. Their use may reduce surgical morbidity and should be considered a viable primary recipient option in complex head and neck reconstructions.

Objectives: The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the microhardness of various root canal sealers in the coronal, middle and apical thirds of the simulated root canals.

Material and Methods: The study analysed the bioceramic root canal sealers (RCS) TotalFill^® BC Sealer™, AH Plus^® Bioceramic Sealer and BioRoot™ RCS, the resin-based RCS AH Plus® Jet™ and the bioceramic cement ProRoot^® MTA (positive control). Gypsum samples simulating root canals were prepared and divided into five experimental groups. The canals were filled with the respective RCS and incubated for 24 hours at 37 °C (95% humidity). The microhardness of the RCS in different thirds of the canal was evaluated using the Vickers microhardness (HV) test.

Results: The microhardness ranged from 6.8 HV (AH Plus^® Bioceramic Sealer) to 70.3 HV (ProRoot^® MTA). TotalFill^® BC Sealer™ remained stable across all thirds (P > 0.05), AH Plus® Bioceramic Sealer was significantly harder in the coronal third (P = 0.008), BioRoot™ RCS and ProRoot^® MTA were significantly harder in the apical third (P < 0.05), while AH Plus^® Jet™ showed significantly higher hardness in the middle and apical thirds (P = 0.008). BioRoot™ RCS showed no significant difference in microhardness compared to ProRoot^® MTA (P = 0.146). Other RCS were significantly less hard than the positive control (P < 0.05).

Conclusions: Sealer microhardness varied across canal thirds, with TotalFill^® BC Sealer™ showing stability, BioRoot™ RCS resembling the positive control and the others displaying regional variation.